Nuts are a popular snack and ingredient in many dishes, but for those with allergies, they can be a serious health concern.
Hazelnuts, in particular, are a common allergen in Europe and the United States. But did you know that hazelnuts are related to other types of nuts as well?
In this article, we’ll explore the different types of nuts that are related to hazelnuts and their potential impact on those with nut allergies.
So grab a cup of coffee and let’s dive in!
What Nuts Are Related To Hazelnuts
Hazelnuts are part of the birch family, which means they share similarities with other nuts in the same family. Some of the nuts related to hazelnuts include almonds, walnuts, cashews, pecans, macadamias, Brazil nuts, and pistachios.
While these nuts may not be identical to hazelnuts, they share similar proteins that can trigger allergic reactions in those with nut allergies. In fact, research shows that those with a hazelnut allergy are often allergic to other tree nuts as well.
It’s important to note that peanuts are not related to hazelnuts or other tree nuts. Peanuts are actually legumes and have a different protein structure than tree nuts. However, those with a peanut allergy may also have a tree nut allergy due to cross-reactivity.
What Makes Hazelnuts Unique?
Hazelnuts are unique in their flavor profile and usage in various culinary applications. They have a sweet, nutty taste and a crunchy texture that makes them a popular ingredient in baking and confectionery. Hazelnuts are often used to make praline, a sweet paste made from caramelized hazelnuts that is used in desserts and chocolates.
One of the most famous hazelnut-based products is Nutella, a chocolate hazelnut spread that is enjoyed all over the world. Hazelnuts are also commonly used in combination with chocolate to make truffles, chocolate bars, and other chocolate-based products.
Aside from their culinary uses, hazelnuts are also known for their health benefits. They are a good source of healthy fats, fiber, and various vitamins and minerals such as vitamin E, magnesium, and potassium. Hazelnut oil is also used as a cooking oil due to its strong flavor and high smoke point.
Turkey and Italy are the largest producers of hazelnuts in the world, with Turkey alone accounting for more than 70% of global production. This popularity is reflected in the high consumption rate of hazelnuts in these countries, with Italy having the highest consumption rate of hazelnuts worldwide.
The Hazelnut Family Tree: Related Nuts
The hazelnut family tree includes several other nuts that are closely related to hazelnuts. One of these nuts is almonds, which are also part of the birch family. Almonds are commonly used in baking and desserts, as well as in almond milk and almond butter.
Another nut related to hazelnuts is walnuts, which are part of the Juglandaceae family. Walnuts are known for their distinctive shape and their rich, nutty flavor. They are commonly used in baking and can be eaten raw or roasted as a snack.
Cashews are another popular nut that are related to hazelnuts. Cashews are part of the Anacardiaceae family and are known for their creamy texture and sweet flavor. They are commonly used in Asian cuisine and can be eaten raw or roasted.
Pecans are also part of the Juglandaceae family and are closely related to walnuts. They have a similar shape to walnuts but have a sweeter, buttery flavor. Pecans are commonly used in baking and can be eaten raw or roasted as a snack.
Macadamia nuts are part of the Proteaceae family and are native to Australia. They have a rich, buttery flavor and a slightly crunchy texture. Macadamia nuts are commonly used in baking and can be eaten raw or roasted as a snack.
Brazil nuts are part of the Lecythidaceae family and are native to South America. They have a distinctive shape and a rich, nutty flavor. Brazil nuts are commonly used in baking and can be eaten raw or roasted as a snack.
Pistachios are part of the Anacardiaceae family and are known for their bright green color and their slightly sweet, nutty flavor. They are commonly used in Middle Eastern cuisine and can be eaten raw or roasted as a snack.
Almonds: Hazelnut’s Closest Cousin
Almonds are one of the closest cousins to hazelnuts. Both nuts belong to the same family, Rosaceae, which also includes other popular fruits like apples and strawberries. Almonds have a similar protein structure to hazelnuts, which can lead to cross-reactivity in those with a nut allergy.
Interestingly, almond allergies are more prevalent in northern Europe, while hazelnut allergies are more common in the United States. This highlights the variability of nut allergies depending on geographical location and eating habits.
Almonds are a versatile nut that can be consumed raw or roasted, and are commonly used in baking and cooking. They are also a good source of protein, fiber, healthy fats, and vitamin E. Almond milk and almond butter have become popular alternatives to dairy milk and peanut butter for those with dietary restrictions or preferences.
Pecans: A Surprising Nut Relative
One surprising nut relative to hazelnuts is pecans. Pecans are also part of the hickory family and share similar characteristics with hazelnuts. They have a rich, buttery flavor and are commonly used in desserts like pecan pie or as a topping for salads.
Like hazelnuts, pecans are also a good source of healthy fats, fiber, and protein. They contain high levels of antioxidants that help fight inflammation and protect against chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer.
However, it’s important to note that pecans are one of the most allergenic tree nuts. Those with a pecan allergy may experience severe reactions like anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening. It’s crucial for individuals with nut allergies to always read food labels and avoid products that contain pecans or other tree nuts.
Walnuts And Chestnuts: Distant Hazelnut Relatives
Walnuts and chestnuts are distant relatives of hazelnuts. While they are not part of the same family as hazelnuts, they do share some similarities in terms of nutritional value and chemical composition.
Walnuts are part of the Juglandaceae family and are known for their distinct, brain-like shape. They are a rich source of vitamin E, which is an important antioxidant that promotes better health and helps fight against the aging process. Walnuts also contain B vitamins, which are essential for a balanced and healthy diet.
Chestnuts, on the other hand, belong to the Fagaceae family and are a unique type of nut because they are low in fat and high in carbohydrates. They are also a good source of vitamin C, which is important for maintaining healthy skin and boosting the immune system. In fact, chestnuts have the highest concentration of vitamin C among all nuts.
While walnuts and chestnuts may not be closely related to hazelnuts, they are still nutritious nuts that can be incorporated into a healthy diet. However, those with a nut allergy should always consult with an allergist before trying any new type of nut to avoid any potential allergic reactions.
Allergies And Cross-Reactivity: What You Need To Know
For those with a hazelnut allergy, it’s important to be aware of cross-reactivity. Cross-reactivity occurs when your body’s immune system identifies the proteins in different substances as being structurally similar or biologically related, thus triggering an allergic response. This means that if you are allergic to hazelnuts, you may also experience symptoms when eating other seemingly unrelated foods.
The most common cross-reactivities with hazelnuts are plant foods, such as other tree nuts, fruits, soybeans, vegetables, and legumes. This is because they share similar proteins that can trigger an allergic reaction in those with nut allergies. It’s important to note that while these foods may not be identical to hazelnuts, they can still cause a reaction.
If you experience an itchy mouth or ears, scratchy throat, hives on the mouth, or swelling of the lips, mouth, tongue, or throat after eating hazelnuts or other related fresh fruits, raw vegetables, or tree nuts, you may suffer from Pollen Food Allergy Syndrome (PFAS), also called Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS). This condition is caused by your immune system’s reaction to similar proteins found in foods and pollens. It is quite common, as one study suggests that up to 25 percent of children with allergic rhinitis (aka hay fever) also suffer from PFAS.
Common pollen allergies that could cause OAS when eating hazelnuts include tree (e.g., birch), grass, and weed. It’s important to be aware of these cross-reactivities and to avoid foods that may cause a reaction. Hazelnuts can be found in a variety of food products such as cookies, pastries, chocolates, and breakfast cereals. Additionally, words like “natural flavors” and “botanicals” may indicate the presence of nuts or nut flavorings.
Non-food items that may contain tree nuts include bean bags, bird seeds, cosmetics, hair care products, sunscreens, massage oils, and pet foods. In particular, oil from some hazelnuts has been used in food products, perfumes, and soaps. It’s important to read labels carefully and to avoid any products that may contain hazelnuts or other tree nuts if you have a known allergy.
In summary, those with a hazelnut allergy should be aware of cross-reactivity with other tree nuts and plant foods. It’s important to read labels carefully and to avoid any products that may contain hazelnuts or other tree nuts if you have a known allergy. If you experience symptoms of PFAS or OAS after eating hazelnuts or related foods, it’s important to speak with a healthcare provider to determine the best course of action.
